Native American ancestry, higher than nearly any other Caribbean island, originated from groups migrating to Puerto Rico from both South and Central America. Analysis of the Y Chromosome DNA found that no Puerto Rican men (0%) carried indigenous paternal lineages, while more than 80% were West Eurasian (or European).

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We have 1003 members (both male and female) in our project and looking forward to hitting the 1500. Several kits have been ordered just recently and we are waiting for them to arrive. We welcome our new members from the Genographic Project as well as new transfers from other companies. Many have had a variety of tests done including mtDNA HVR1 & HVR2, complete mtDNA genomes, as well as DNAPrints. In the yDNA group, the majority of the results are of the R1b Haplogroup as was expected since most have European paternal lines ending up in Puerto Rico no matter if they put down SPAIN or country unknown. We also have members who are estimated or SNP tested to belong to Haplogroups B, D, R1a, T, I, I1a, J2, J1, G, G2, E-M2, E1b1b and R1b1b and various sub-clades.
We have several members within the group with exact matches on 12, 25 and 37 markers with the same surname and with different surnames. Two others are brothers. In the oven: Several are awaiting the results of their first 12, 25, 37, 67 or 111 marker tests and the new Y-700 Those already tested have a genetic distance of from 0 to 3. Others are as far apart as 86 or more.
VIP:The Results tables and placement in either Y-DNA or mtDNA matching ancestor groups is done entirely and solely by the Project Administrator. This is a very time-consuming process and requires multipleassessments from time to time depending on the level of testing, known genealogical history and any upgrades being done by the members. If you have a question, please ask. Remember to add your most distant maternal ancestor (mother's mother's mother's mother's/ ie. madre, abuela materna, bisabuela materna, tatarabuela materna) to your Family History on your personal page. It is the ancestor that shows up for your mtDNA sequence. This MUST be a female not a male. Males do not transmit mtDNA to their children.
Tenemos 1003 miembros (varones y hembras) en nuestro proyecto. También le extendemos la bienvenida a nuestros nuevos miembros del Proyecto Genográfico Mundial que se han inscrito a nuestro proyecto. La mayoría tiene línea paterna (Haplogrupo) R1b terminando en Puerto Rico como esperábamos ya que es el más común entre los grupos europeos. También tenemos miembros en Haplogropo B, R1a, R1b1b, T, I, J2, J1, G, G2, E1b1a, E1b1b y otros. Varias personas han tenido el mismo resultado. Algunos comparten el mismo apellido. Otros no lo comparten. Dos más son hermanos y claro tuvieron el mismo resultado. En el horno:
Varios participantes están esperando sus pruebas de 12, 25, 37, 67 o 111 marcadores y nuevo el Y-700. Muchos comparten una distancia genética de cero a tres. La distancia genética más profunda es de más de 86.

Puerto Rico: La Isla Del Encanto

The use of genetic genealogy—in other words, DNA testing– has exploded in the past few years. Around the world, curious seekers are spitting into tubes and swabbing cheeks to help determine their heritage and find genetic cousins.

Puerto Rico is a mixture of the original Taino Indian culture, the white European Spanish who came from Spain, and the negro slaves they brought from Africa. This tri-racial mix of people have been recorded in various ways throughout Puerto Rican History.
Historian Henry Louis Gates Jr. On DNA Testing And Finding His Own Roots As host of the PBS series Finding Your Roots, Gates tells celebrities about their family history.He reflects on his own.

Recently, three family members on my husband’s side have had sections of their genomes tested. The DNA test results were a mix of ethnic diversity from around the world: Native. Middle Eastern. West Asia. African. So where do these wide varying people groups converge to create the persons who become my family members?

For example, last year a European team sequenced the genome of a 1,000-year-old female skeleton from the Bahamas and found a connection between her DNA and that of some modern Puerto Ricans. Did you get the Eastern Europe and Russia DNA ethnicity in your ethnicity results? If you did, you are among almost 20 million Americans who can trace their ancestry back to Eastern Europe or Russia. This is a fascinating region made up of more than twenty countries and spanning more than 7,000 miles.

The DNA Testing Completed on Three Family Members:

I’ll call the first two family members on my husband’s side Family Members 1 and 2. The third person is the mother of these two, so she shall be referred her as ‘Mother.’

Family Member 1 (FM1) was given a 12-marker Y-DNA test via the testing company, FamilyTreeDNA. The results have been upgraded to the 67 marker level but are still pending. A Y-DNA test determines the findings on the direct paternal line only. The raw data from this test has also been uploaded to GEDMatch, a free service that allows for cross referencing of data uploaded from one of the three main testing companies to assist in finding genetic cousins.

Mother and Family Member 2 (FM2) were tested via Ancestry.com, using their autosomal DNA test, which tests random contributions from both maternal and paternal sides (and provides data on ancestors primarily four or five generations back; not deep ancestry). Results have been uploaded to FamilyTreeDNA and GEDMatch.

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DNA Admixture Results:

The results have proven to be a powerful history lesson.

FM1: 79% European; 10% African; 7% New World; 2% Middle Eastern; 2% East Asian. 12 Marker Y-DNA ancestral origins: Bulgaria, England, Puerto Rico (1%), Romania, Spain.

FM2: 68% European (breaks down as: 35% Iberian Peninsula; 13% Italy/Greece; 6% Great Britain). 15% Africa. 12% Native American. 13% other regions (including 4% Middle East).

Mother: 74% European (43% Iberian Peninsula; 17% Italy/Greece; 14% trace regions); 14% Africa (6% North Africa); 9% Native American (including 2% West Asia).

Genetic Complexities of the Puerto Rican People:

Puerto Ricans are largely the descendants of native Taíno Indians, Europeans (primarily Spaniards), and African slaves. Five hundred plus years of migration to the island and significant intermingling between these people groups has produced one of the most multi-cultural and diversified people in the Americas.

According to the National Geographic Genographic Project, their reference population for Puerto Ricans breaks down as follows: 11% Native American, 31% Mediterranean, 21% Northern European, and 9% Southwest Asian, 25% sub-Saharan African.

Other studies have found similar results, with European ancestry strongest on the west side of the island and African ancestry strongest on the east side. Consistent levels of Taíno ancestry exist throughout the island.

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Interestingly, however, more and more locals don’t relate to this genetic complexity. On the 2000 U.S. census only 4.2% of Puerto Ricans self-identified as “two or more races,” and 95.8% self-categorized into a single “race,” including over 80% self-identifying as “white.” In spite of this, it is estimated only about 25% of Puerto Ricans are of nearly pure European ances

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